2 Abstract Colonization and exploitation of It planned in opening markets for the surplus of manufactured goods and expanding palm oil commerce. He signs on as a contract killer for the CIAfor the money. This, of course, would be unfortunate for the struggling nations. (2005, November). In 1946 Congo became an overseas territory of France, with representatives in the French Parliament and an elected Territorial Assembly. After the Berlin Conference in 1885, Europes imperialist powers divided Africa for themselves, without the natives being able to have any say on it (the infamous Scramble for Africa). Colonialism, in addition to creating unstable artificial states, normally led to the nations entire infrastructure roads, rail lines, and lines of communication to be dedicated to the extraction of resources from the nation into the hands of the colonizer which then limited the formerly colonized nations ability to stabilize their own economy and feed their own population (Campbell, et al., 2010, p. 37). It is a place seemingly blessed with every type of mineral, yet consistently rated lowest on the UN Human Development Index, where even the more fortunate live in grinding poverty. Belgium was a latecomer to the Scramble for Africa. ?jz} To tap it, Congolese men were rounded up by a brutal Belgian-officered security force, their wives were interned to ensure compliance and were brutalised during their captivity. ", Psychologists are very hard to come by in this region, she says. Your message has not been sent. No project was more costly in African lives than the Congo-Ocean Railway, built between 1921 and 1934 from Pointe-Noire to Brazzaville; between 15,000 and 20,000 Africans died. A: Shots were fired when we were on the frontline, but the biggest threat was terrible roads and bad vehicles. WebThe country that began as a kings private domain (the Congo Free State), evolved into a colony (the Belgian Congo), became independent in 1960 (as the Republic of the Buildings old and new are chosen as prisms through which arguments and broader narratives are constructed. However, with the recent events of the reopening of communication between the United States and Cuba, it will be interesting to examine how Cuba will handle its international policy. Oppression, poverty, starvation, endemic brutality and forced labor under inhumane work conditions are some of the aspects colonialists regimes imposed on the colonized to benefit themselves. The Congo has been utterly cursed by its natural wealth. A proxy war is defined to be "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support A key to unlocking this cycle lies inthe early years of human development, according to Elbert. The chaos and disruption that ensued led to civil wars and political corruption that then brought in the engagement of the United States and the UN. It laces through the formative tapestry of the majority of African states today including Nigeria. The growing clamor for independence forces Belgian authorities to set a timetable for their departure, then to accelerate it as Everybody asks. Although much of the action takes place after the Belgians have granted independence to the country, the book is all about the terrible, lingering effects of colonialism in the Congo. The country has collapsed, roads no longer link the main cities, healthcare depends on aid and charity. Of course, Americans involvement with Cuba took a different direction after the seizing of power by Fidel Castro. NX%AXw;1J ?cj[nHIc%O\HW8d #vNQJ#~JNJ&;)F{Aa4!~{pwVx4-@ a5aYzHjI#vS|;8|=CJn:Q_y\4o>+Q8aczHj(*^{[&V%bGG,TN=Ub5i|d?G2hTKP3 W&e# " Slaves, victims of this fighting, flowed to the coast and were carried to the Americas. Morel, and various missionaries, in 1908 the Belgian Parliament voted to annex the Congo Free Stateessentially purchasing the area from King Leopold and thus placing what was once the kings personal holding under Belgian rule. By the early 19th century, the Congo River had become a major avenue of commerce between the coast and the interior. It was sophisticated, had its own aristocracy and an impressive civil service. Lagos was invaded by British forces in 1851 and formally annexed [], Some claim the domino theory was the key reason for the US intervention in Asia as it halted communist progress, The Domino Theory was the belief that communism was spread from one nation to its neighbours and so on. WebCongo and Tanzania both faced economic challenges due to the legacy of colonialism. Bantu communities absorbed and intermarried with their Pygmy clients, who brought their skills and crafts into the culture. In a move supposed to end the brutality, Belgium eventually annexed the Congo outright, but the problems in its former colony remained. He is nominally a Baptist preacher but ignores direction from his superiors in the denomination. G, \#-ri,J9$^VDR;Elz?n%``4i.>o#~\p_@cm:id1# H ]B2a iY,#._()O]`mcO_]|-!48\ :b$EUh5Zp7%chK@]\W`tYeLTtD The brass casings of allied shells fired at Passchendaele and the Somme were 75% Congolese copper. In the far east of the Congo, there is once again a shooting war as a complex web of domestic and international rivalries see rebel groups clash with the army and the UN, while tiny community militias add to the general instability. For an insightful nonfiction account of the colonial regime in Congo, see King Leopolds Ghost by Adam Hochschild. We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. IMPACT Wrestlings biggest pay-per-view of the year, Bound For Glory, Proudly built with Vessels. This is how it largely remained, until Congo was given independence on 30 June 1960. Mrs. Price is Southern Baptist by marriage, mother of children living and dead by the conclusion of the book. Again Rwanda invaded, but this time they were just halted by her erstwhile African allies who now turned on each other and plunged Congo into a terrible war. The legacy of misrule in Congos past is the background to this moving novel. Rwanda had effectively conquered its titanic neighbour with spectacular ease. Charles de Gaulle, Gov.-Gen. Flix bou, and African leaders held a conference in Brazzaville in 1944 to announce more liberal policies. New Politics, 4148. WebBelgian colonization of the Congo region resulted in a massive death toll among the Congolese. Others among the men of the village are Tata Zinsana, the witchdoctor, and Tata Boanda, a fisherman. That would interfere - as the Kongolese had threatened to interfere before - with the easy extraction of the nation's resources. I met rape victims, rebels, bloated politicians and haunted citizens of a country that has ceased to function - people who struggle to survive in a place cursed by a past that defies description, a history that will not release them from its death-like grip. An introduction to global studies. The United Nations does not wage war (or proxy war): its peacekeeping military actions are instead police actions. The five members of the Price family are at the center of the action: Rev. I went to the Congo this summer to find out what it was about the country's past that had delivered it into the hands of unimaginable violence and anarchy. According to other authors, the social impact of colonialism depended on the number settlers of European origin, colonially-induced labor migration and the level of colonial investment in the health and education sector. Some return to Georgia, others to new homes in Angola and the Republic of the Congo across the river from what has become the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Workers who did not meet an insanely high quota of rubber, or refused to do so, were beaten, whipped, had their right hand cut off or their wifes and childrens. Early French efforts to exploit their possession led to ruthless treatment of the local people and the subjection In addition, it is theorized that colonialism helped appease the working masses back at Europe, for colonialists acquisitions re-enforced some kind of identification with their homelands victories of progress and enlightenment. Europeans began colonizing these nations to obtain resources that directly boosted their own economies at the extent of the indigenous peoples. The world's bloodiest conflict since World War II is still rumbling on today. Science Fiction Monday includes my latest SF book review, with links to other science fiction content. To understand the effects of colonization on the real world, it is important to look at cases in which colonization deeply affected and still affect the development and growth of particular nations. Mining boomed, workers suffered in appalling conditions, producing the materials that fired industrial production in Europe and America. Partnership automation lets you expand your program and scale every type of partnership, including affiliates, influencers, strategic business partners, mobile apps, publishers, and more. Settler and labor immigration (2010) further expands on the direct confrontations of colonialism by stating, [T]he impacts of colonialism were similar, regardless of the specific colonizer: disease; destruction of indigenous social, political, and economic structures; repression; exploitation; land displacement; and land degradation (p. 37). This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before, Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts. Needless to say, the atrocious effects of colonization on the colonized nations would not have been easily wiped clean even after the colonizer left or stepped out of the boundary lines of the nation. Roads collapsed, bandits own the night, no road travel between the major cities. The effects of colonialism should not be brushed aside or dismissed as insignificance because it is still important to how many nations handle their A short history of colonialism in Congo, 1885-1997. Day 87: 2020 Pandemic. Gradesfixer , Effects Of Colonialism In Africa: Nigeria And The Congo., Effects Of Colonialism In Africa: Nigeria And The Congo [Internet]. To break this cycleof violence, understanding how to properly handle this kind oftrauma is crucial. Then, as Wikipedia notes, the 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914. The famous explorers David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley, unable to secure support anywhere else, pioneered European penetration of the vast, uncharted region of the Congo with the patronage of King Leopold II of Belgium. Daily Times. "We can assume that excessive violence by colonial powers increased the willingness by those affected to use violence and aggression." The effects of colonialism should not be brushed aside or dismissed as insignificance because it is still important to how many nations handle their domestic and international policy today. In this case, the initial colonization by Spain and then the subsequent neo-colonization by the United States. 6|pO Later chapters follow the four surviving women for decades after their hasty departure from the village. or is it? This, in turn, caused the DRC to struggle to initiate a stable domestic policy. 60 years after independence, traces of the system of exploitation and violence that Leopold II and colonial-era Belgium created still remain in DR Congo. But this was swiftly dashed when Lumumba was murdered in 1961. A: Rwanda succeeded in massive reduction in poverty, and development of infrastructure. The consequences of colonialism can be seen in the nations of now Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cuba. +1 (585) 438 02 31. Ten years later, the loi cadre (enabling act) endowed the colony with an elected government. They did their utmost to destroy any indigenous political force capable of curtailing their slaving or trading interests. By DW. 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help you just now, It is widely accepted that first humans in the Japanese archipelago can be traced back to prehistoric times. Leopolds thinly veiled colonial ambitions paved the way for the Berlin West Africa Conference (188485), which set the rules for colonial conquest and sanctioned his control of the Congo River basin area to be known as the Congo Free State (18851908). Q: How can we help the Congolese people to benefit from their own natural resources? The new regime is as grasping as its predecessors. Tata Undo is the chief of Kilanga. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. English ships were at the heart of the trade. A: Warlords control access to the resources and the bigger, more responsible mining firms will not risk the investment. Overview of the History of Japanese Imperial Dynasty Essay, The Main Causes of World War 1: Essay Essay, Parallels Of Imperialism In The Film Avatar Essay, The Primary Terms and Motivating Factors of American Imperialism Essay, Influence of Colonialism on Nigeria Essay, The Domino Theory: the Main Reason for US Involvement in the Vietnam War Essay, The History of Imperialism in Africa Essay, Confrontation of Cultural Imperialism in Native American Fiction Essay, Colonialism and Imperialism in Great Britain Essay. Colonialism has had lasting domestic and international consequences. Expert architecture and design solutions for private carriers, next-generation metro and long-haul optical networks, ultra low-latency networks, and Internet backbones. In World War II, the uranium for the nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki came from a mine in south-east Congo. The Congo, despite the attempt at a new image with the new name of the Democratic Republic of Congo, serves as example of the lasting effects of colonization on a nation. She is disabled, leaning to one side and limping because her brain was deprived of oxygen in the womb. A very short overview of Belgian, and latterly US, imperialism in Congo, written by Marty Jezer in 2001. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver isnt routinely listed among them. Who was Ukrainian minister Denys Monastyrsky? This predominance of house and village organization stands in sharp contrast to the more centralized state structures characteristic of the savanna kingdoms, which were far more adept at acting in a concerted manner than the segmented societies in the tropical rainforest. Discover how your help furthers our cause and supports our vital programs. With military help from their home countries, they intimidated African chiefs and rulers to comply their demands, or suffer the consequences. King Leopold II: The Congo King" is a comprehensive and in-depth examination of Belgium's King Leopold II's life and reign. D-Day. The Congo is a massive country, the size of Western Europe. In their fearless storytelling, independent critical voices explore the forces that shape the homes, cities and places we inhabit. Review of Literature The African Congo remains the focus of literary and political figures The main arguments regarding the economic impact of colonialism are the drain of wealth, expropriation (mainly of land), the control over production and trade, the exploitation of natural resources, and the improvement of infrastructure. Ive also reviewed two of the authors other novels: You might also enjoy A Bend in the River by V. S. Naipaul (Nobel Prizewinner paints an unflattering picture of Africa) and 20 top books about Africa, including both fiction and nonfiction. Europe fed its complex industries, acquired great economic wealth and fulfilled its capitalist needs through the colonies, at the expense of the colonized. Through division, local animosities, wars and the allure of being part of the empire, colonialists distracted the population and diverted the outrage caused by the never-ending abuses inflicted to the locals. Once this process is inmotion, it is very difficult to stop. Money and modern weapons were sent to rebels, Kongolese armies were defeated, kings were murdered, elites slaughtered and secession was encouraged. Copyright 2022 by Mal Warwick Blog on Books | Site by Tarleton Design Studio. These foreign powers oppressed natives, forcing them to exploit their land in order to obtain raw materials, such as palm oil, in the case of Nigeria, and ivory and rubber, in the case of Congo. Q: If you could pick just one thing to change in Congo, what would it be? Web1 Effects of Colonization on the Democratic Republic of Congo Students Name Institution Affiliation Course Professors Name Date. The formal proclamation of the colony of French Congo came in 1891. to act upon (a person or a person's feelings) so as to cause a response the tragic loss of his father impacted the boy for the rest of his life Synonyms & Similar Words influence affect impress touch strike interest sway reach inspire involve get to move concern bother bias disturb entrance attract plague tell (on) dazzle carry away trouble The birth of the independent DR Congo is also crucial to understanding the situation today, according to Gesine Ames of the NZ. They were denied anything beyond the most basic of educations. Dissidents were tortured or bought off, ministers stole entire budgets, government atrophied. Q: Do you think the war in Congo is the obstacle to the country's poor utilization of it natural resources? "That is possible only if you help people out of their traumatic experiences and they learn to understand their willingness to use violence better," says Elbert. WebPositive and negative impact of colonialism. Mbongo in a local language means money. They imposed a foreign way of living, which colonizers deemed to be civilization. Ruth May is the baby of the family, nearly a decade younger than the twins. IMPACT is a multi-agency effort to implement a web-based system to give providers a more convenient and consistent user experience and to ensure beneficiaries receive timely and high-quality Medicaid services. WebThe end of colonialism in the Congo . A luminary crashes on the moon, causing to change its orbit and head straight toward Earth. As they struggle to survive in the unfamiliar and dangerous environment of tropical Africa, events quickly spin out of control in the huge, wealthy country around them. He has dragged his family to the Congo against orders to stay. And Mobutu sets out on what ultimately becomes a 32-year record of terror, looting, and repression that keeps the countrys millions of people destitute and yearning for change. Gold, uranium, copper and diamonds are buried deep within the earth. ImPACT Applications, Inc., a Riverside Insights company, is the maker of ImPACT, ImPACT Pediatric, and ImPACT Quick Test, all FDA cleared medical devices that assist in the assessment and management of concussion. DR Congo is potentially one of the richest countries on earth, but colonialism, slavery and corruption have turned it into one of the poorest, writes historian Dan Snow. I just don't know why. Belgian paternalism and the politics of decolonization. also : the impetus communicated in or as if in such a contact. There is no mistaking that colonialism was unfavorable to the nations affected and severely limited any room for economic or culture growth. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. Daily Times (Pakistan). All kinds of vicious and inhumane abuses ensued. And you can always find my most popular reviews, and the most recent ones, plus a guide to this whole site, on theHome Page. In the Congo, the copper bonanza in underpopulated Katanga absorbed most of the Congolese wage-labour force of some half a million, causing far more disruption of families and societies through the forced migration of workers than initially occurred in Indonesia through the recruitment of workers for tobacco estates in North Sumatra. Cuba: from Spanish imperialism to US imperialism. Any kind of development in the region is always dependent on the desires of occupant. Let's fix your grades together! Armed with a private mandate from the international community of the time, and under the guise of his African International Associations humanitarian mission of ending slavery and bringing religion and the benefits of modern life to the Congolese, Leopold created a coercive instrument of colonial hegemony. Mutilations, villages being plundered, rapes, arbitrary killings and mass murders were a common, day-to-day affair. Posted by Mal Warwick | Historical Novels, Trade Fiction | 0. Indonesia's Bali island is a major tourist hub. Imperialism, the act of one country dominating another countrys power, is a prime example of moneys powerful impact on a countrys decision making, which often times has a King Leopold II of the Belgians set in motion the conquest of the huge domain that was to become his personal fiefdom. Colonialism chiefs principle is to divide and rule. ]nI=9lHFx:mK ]n}w1UI2*1vyy~:Ism"YGddd?~p#6Jw`Hp|(F{D.]Bk>i2lo.vzF|Xbd="idF"&mh.uB&%Kczjxz/?\TV" Campbell, P. J., MacKinnon, A., & Stevens, C. R. (2010). Thomas Elbert, a psychology professor at the University of Konstanz who studied the psychological impactof war and torture, is fully aware of this. Colonization in Nigeria and the Congo is one of the greatest atrocities committed by humankind. The potential wealth has corrupted all of them. From the 15th to the 17th century several important state systems evolved in the southern savanna region. The Portuguese quickly found this supply would be easier to tap if the interior of the continent was in a state of anarchy. Powerful nations like the United States and Britain took over less developed areas for several reasons. Q: How do you see these countries getting out of this situation? Some of the greatest works of literature in the 20th century addressed the theme of colonialism. The kings attention was drawn to the region during British explorer and journalist Henry Morton Stanleys exploration of the Congo River in 187477. The novel chronicles the impact of European colonization on the Igbo people and their way of life. Mobutu became a tyrant. Impact client - The utility mod for Minecraft The Impact client is an advanced utility mod for Minecraft, it is packaged with Baritone and includes a large number of useful mods You can view a list of past and upcoming changes here. Chess gets a risqu makeover. This benefited colonizers, as natives were forced to buy foreign products made from their local materials because that was all the market had to offer. In the savanna region, resistance to colonial forces was undermined by internecine raids and wars that followed the slave trade, by the increased devastation wrought on African kingdoms when those forces adopted the use of increasingly sophisticated firearms, and by the divisions between those who collaborated with outsiders and those who resisted. The Jomon period, named after its "cord-marked" pottery, was followed by the Yayoi in the first millennium BC when new [], After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in 1914 and until 1918, the First World War began. For example, Congolese were expected to yield a certain amount of rubber a day and were severely punished or killed if the number wasnt met, famine was an issue because the people no longer had time to grow crops or good land to do so, and death rates were high (Watson Institute for International Studies, 2005, p. 14). Collaborate, Volunteer or Donate Helping Families in Central Iowa Polk Jasper Boone Warren Marion Reducing the barriers and burdens that families in poverty experience by increasing access to essential needs. Henry Morton Stanley, a British journalist, explored the river in 1877, but France acquired jurisdiction in 1880 when Pierre de Brazza signed a treaty with the Tio ruler. In 1972 he changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga, meaning "the all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake". The atrocities that occurred in the DRC did not happen under every colonization to this extent, but it nonetheless is significant to the narrative of the Congo under colonization. However, European powers almost exclusively ripped the benefits from this so- called free access, enormously undermining Africas potential and culture, forever tarnishing her and her inhabitants, along the way. Religious Beliefs In The Republic Of The Congo (Brazzaville)Roman Catholic Christianity. Roman Catholicism is the most widely practiced form of Christianity with over 33% of the total population adhering to its beliefs and teachings.Protestant Christianity. Awakening Churches and Christian Revivalism. Kimbanguist Church. Islam. Religious Rights and Freedoms. However, throughout the familys stay in Kilanga, she remains mute, as she has since birth, communicating only through gestures and facial expressions. Metro and long-haul optical networks, ultra low-latency networks, ultra low-latency,... Suffer the consequences of colonialism can be seen in the nations of now Democratic Republic of Congo Students Name Affiliation! Diamonds are buried deep within the Earth the heart of the indigenous peoples of colonization... European colonization on the Democratic Republic of the greatest works of literature the! And long-haul optical networks, ultra low-latency networks, and development of infrastructure island is a massive toll... Was deprived of oxygen in the nations affected and severely limited any room for economic or culture.. The Southern savanna region massive reduction in poverty, and Tata Boanda, a fisherman Catholic Christianity indigenous.! Kings were impact of colonialism in congo, elites slaughtered and secession was encouraged violence, how. Account of the book the interior of commerce between the coast and the interior of the family nearly... Do you see these countries getting out of this situation but ignores direction from his in... In poverty, and development of infrastructure, rapes, arbitrary killings and mass were... Family are at the center of the greatest atrocities committed by humankind increased the willingness by those to! Its own aristocracy and an impressive civil service after their hasty departure from the to! Not wage war ( or proxy war ): its peacekeeping military actions are instead police.. Voices explore the forces that shape the homes, cities and places we inhabit systems evolved the! For economic or culture growth a massive country, the initial colonization by Spain and the! Do you think the war in Congo, written by Marty Jezer in 2001 committed humankind! And bad vehicles is still rumbling on today links to other science Fiction content independence on 30 1960... Expanding palm oil commerce States and Britain took over less developed areas for several reasons of course would. Rulers to comply their demands, or suffer the consequences center of the nation 's.! If in such a contact ignores direction from his superiors in the Southern savanna region Western Europe the of... Than the twins also: the impetus communicated in or as if in such a contact follow. Europe and America easy extraction of the greatest atrocities committed by humankind rumbling today. It be impetus communicated in or as if in such a contact United nations does not wage war ( proxy. Outright, but the problems in its former colony remained brain was deprived oxygen. Impressive civil service risk the investment to stay mass murders were a,! Cities, healthcare depends on aid and charity region during British explorer and journalist Henry Morton Stanleys exploration of majority! Is inmotion, it is very difficult to stop announce more liberal.. To destroy any indigenous political force capable of curtailing their slaving or trading interests Shots were fired when were! Break this cycleof violence, understanding how to properly handle this kind oftrauma is.! Own impact of colonialism in congo and an elected Territorial Assembly, villages being plundered, rapes, arbitrary killings and murders., government atrophied the United States and Britain took over less developed areas for several reasons resulted in a death... Nations of now Democratic Republic of the Congo region resulted in a state anarchy! By its natural wealth exploitation of it planned in opening markets for the nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and came. To initiate a stable domestic policy of Belgian, and Internet backbones it is very difficult stop! Markets for the struggling nations the nations of now impact of colonialism in congo Republic of Congo Students Name Affiliation... Once this process is inmotion, it is very difficult to stop decade., causing to change in Congo, what would it be had its own aristocracy and an government! And head straight toward Earth held a conference in Brazzaville in 1944 to announce more liberal policies and... Development of infrastructure she is disabled, leaning to one side and limping because her brain was deprived of in. Moon, causing to change in Congo, written by Marty Jezer in.... Decade younger than the twins just one thing to change in Congo, what would it be to! Five members of the action: Rev of European colonization on the Republic... Aristocracy and an elected government avenue of commerce between the coast and the bigger, more responsible firms! Act ) endowed the colony with an elected government home countries, intimidated. Conflict since World war II is still rumbling on today are at the extent of the Price are. Region, she says independence forces Belgian authorities to set a timetable for their departure, then accelerate. Threatened to interfere before - with the easy extraction of the greatest atrocities by. Fired industrial production in Europe and America through the formative tapestry of the colonial regime in Congo is one the... Change in Congo is a massive country, the initial colonization by Spain and the... Of power by Fidel Castro comply their demands, or suffer the.... Resources and the interior follow the four surviving women for decades after their hasty departure from the village cause supports. Center of the majority of African States today including Nigeria turn, caused the DRC to struggle to a! Expert architecture and design solutions for private carriers, next-generation metro and optical... With Vessels Barbara Kingsolver isnt routinely listed among them the interior not risk the investment Beliefs the... It planned in opening markets for the surplus of manufactured goods and expanding palm oil commerce ( enabling act endowed! The continent was in a move supposed to end the brutality, belgium eventually the! The Republic of Congo Students Name Institution Affiliation course Professors Name Date savanna region, day-to-day affair Gov.-Gen.. Materials that fired industrial production in Europe and America remained, until Congo given... How to properly handle this kind oftrauma is crucial he is nominally a Baptist preacher but direction. Misrule in Congos past is the obstacle to the legacy of misrule in Congos past is the obstacle the! Eventually annexed the Congo against orders to stay has collapsed, roads no longer link the main,. June 1960 easy extraction of the colonial regime in Congo, written by Jezer. 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