On April 4, 2008 the United States Court of Appeals considered a civil rights claim filed against an officer who demanded identification from a passenger on a motor vehicle stop, and arrested the passenger when he refused to comply with the officer's demand. Specific, objective facts establishing reasonable suspicion of a crime are required for an officer in any state to demand your name from you. [39], Some courts have recognized a distinction authorizing police to demand identifying information and specifically imposing an obligation of a suspect to respond. If they don't, say "I do not consent to . Stat. For the sake coming up with an accurate definition for the purpose of this study, we will be excluding statues that fall under the Mimms decision which is specific to traffic stops. 4 Once [443 U.S. 31, 40] respondent refused to identify himself as the presumptively valid ordinance required, the officer had probable cause to believe respondent was committing an offense in his presence, and Michigan's general arrest statute, Mich. Comp. 490 | Casetext Search + Citator", "What is a Stop and Identify Statute? As previously discussed, a law enforcement officer must have reasonable, articulable suspicion that a crime has occurred or is about to occur. A lawyer's skillful negotiation with the prosecutor can sometimes result in a dismissal or reduction of the charges. 5-71-213 - Loitering: Colorado: Colo. Rev. Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. . Four states' laws (Arizona, Indiana, Louisiana, and Nevada) explicitly impose an obligation to provide identifying information. Name, address, and an explanation of the person's actions; In some cases it also includes the person's intended destination, the person's date of birth (Indiana and Ohio), or written identification if available (Colorado). [4] The court also held that the Fifth Amendment could allow a suspect to refuse to give the suspect's name if he or she articulated a reasonable belief that giving the name could be incriminating.[5]. If you are not acquainted with a lawyer and have no lawyer whom you would call, you may contact the Alabama State Bar Lawyer Referral Service at 800-392-5660 or by going to the website of the Alabama State Bar. Free Newsletters We draw the underlying facts from the findings made by the district court, see United States v. It is important to recognize that Hiibel wasnt stopped without reason by a police officer, he matched a description that a caller provided from a reported assault. Updates and exclusive content straight to your email inbox. Therefore, the pre-existing warrant "attenuated" the unlawful stop-and-identify. Disciplinary action - Generally. However, many states have passed stop-and-identify laws, which permit a law enforcement officer to stop a person suspected of criminal behavior and ask for identification. In conclusion, the goal of this study was to update the view on stop and identify statutes, and which states should be classified as stop and identify states. For example, Pennsylvanias Title 34 904. which requires individuals to identify themselves to GAME officers, not law enforcement as a whole. Criminal Code Current as of January 01, 2019 | Updated by FindLaw Staff Welcome to FindLaw's Cases & Codes, a free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. Each separate violation of such an order shall be a separate offense, except that in the case of a violation through continuing failure or neglect to obey the order, each day of continuance of such failure or neglect shall be deemed a separate offense. (2)Refuses or fails, or any of its principal officers refuses or fails, after notice, to produce any records of the charitable organization. Temporary Retraining Orders (TRO) and Preliminary injunctions are equitable in nature. In the state of Alabama can you be arrested for video and audio recording a police officer or any law enforcement officer In the state of Alabama In do you have to show id If you have not committed a crime More The commission may issue subpoenas and compel the testimony of witnesses and the production of records and documents during an investigation. Seven states (Arizona, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, New Mexico, Ohio, and Vermont) explicitly impose a criminal penalty for noncompliance with the obligation to identify oneself. You can limit the results using the fields provided below. 28, 1595: Arkansas: Ark. (b)Upon a finding that any person has engaged in or is engaging in any act or practice declared unlawful by this article, the court may make any necessary order or judgment, including, but not limited to, injunctions, restitution, awards of reasonable attorneys' fees, and costs of investigation and litigation, and may award to the state civil penalties up to five thousand dollars ($5,000) for each violation of this article. - Direitos e Deveres dos Cidados", "A Citizen's Guide to Rights When Dealing With Police (in Canada)", "Police powers to stop and search: your rights", Suspects Who Refuse to Identify Themselves, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stop_and_identify_statutes&oldid=1129731515, United States Fifth Amendment self-incrimination case law, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The person approached is not required to identify themselves or answer any other questions, and may leave at any time. In the case of Utah v. Strieff (2016), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that an officer's stop of Edward Strieff and his demand for identification from Strieff was unlawful under Utah state law, but that the evidence collected pursuant to the stop was admissible due to the determination that Strieff was subject to a pre-existing arrest warrant. Taylor's Law means a student's behavior in school starting at the age of 13 can make or break if they will receive a driver's license. What is more concerning, however, is that the public is generally only aware of these types of stops when they result in an arrest. -Falen O. Cox. Penal Code 148(a)(1), but merely failure to identify self prior to booking not a crime); People v Some states have Good Samaritan laws which provide protection to those who voluntarily help another person who may be in peril. App. (b) A person commits an offense if he intentionally gives a false or fictitious name, residence address, or date of birth to a peace officer who has: (1) lawfully arrested the person; (2) lawfully detained the person; or (3) requested the information from a person that the peace officer has good cause to believe is a witness to a criminal offense. can go up to a suspect and ask him for his name and address. A similar conclusion regarding the interaction between Utah "stop and identify" and "obstructing" laws was reached in Oliver v. Woods (10th Cir. " In this case no statute penalizes a refusal to identify oneself to a law enforcement officer, and no penalty is set forth in the statute for refusing to identify oneself. What to Do if Questioned by Police, FBI, Customs Agents or Immigration Officers", "Um cidado traz habitualmente consigo apenas uma fotocpia do carto de cidado ou do bilhete de identidade. Start here to find criminal defense lawyers near you. Even if it turns out the car wasn't the getaway car, the stop is still lawful because the officer had reasonable suspicion. Need help navigating product liability law? $100 fine for third and subsequent offenses. Texas Penal Code 38.02 defines failure to identify as occurring when: A person intentionally refuses to provide his or her name, residence address, or date of birth to a law enforcement officer who has arrested the person and requested information. Sly v. State, 387 So.2d 913 (Ala. Crim. In your opinion, should the federal government issue a nationwide requirement for suspects to identify themselves to law enforcement after a lawful arrest? For example, these countries have laws that require pedestrians, drivers, and passengers to produce their licence (for drivers) or state their name, address, etc. (c) A defendant may be convicted under this section, even if he or she has not received actual notice of the appearance date, if reasonable efforts to notify the defendant have been made, and the defendant, by his or her own actions, has frustrated the receipt of actual notice. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, There is a newer version A sheriff or other officer acting as sheriff, his deputy or any constable, acting within their respective counties, any marshal, deputy marshal or policeman of any incorporated city or town within the limits of the county or any highway patrolman or state trooper may stop any person abroad in a public place whom he reasonably suspects is committing, has committed or is about to commit a felony or other public offense and may demand of him his name, address and an explanation of his actions. [40] Other courts have apparently interpreted demand to impose an obligation on the detainee to comply. Alabama law requires a driver to turn over this information upon request by a law enforcement officer. Decided in 2004. Identifying information varies, but typically includes. For the sake of this study, we created the following definition based on the 4 cases above, so that we can fairly determine which statutes can be classified as stop and identify. Marlin, Texas police detained brother James Jones in his own yard for looking suspicious. After serving 19 Additional states (including Texas and Oregon) have such laws just for motorists.[6][7]. Find an Alabama attorney now. However, many states have passed stop-and-identify laws, which permit a law enforcement officer to stop a person suspected of criminal behavior and ask for identification. If so, they should leave. He is the Managing Legal Editor of FreeAdvice.com. Police may also require people to identify themselves if they have reasonable grounds to believe that they have committed a crime. Previous versions of NHs 594:2 did allow an officer to demand the name of an individual, but that language has been removed. For instance, in Kolender v. Lawson (1983), the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated a California law requiring "credible and reliable" identification as overly vague. [16] In Hiibel, the Court opinion implied that a detainee was not required to produce written identification, but could satisfy the requirement merely by stating the detainee's name. Alabama's Unified Judicial System is one of the oldest in the nation. There is no corresponding duty in the Criminal Code of 1961 that a suspect who is the target of such an order must comply.[26]. There was no legal right to search him initially, but by simply not saying his name there is. Some "stop and identify" laws do not require that a detainee identify himself or herself, but allow the refusal to do so to be considered along with other factors in determining whether there is probable cause to arrest.[17]. So leave the salt at home! We rely on our readers to keep our mission moving forward! Alabama Votes Election Laws 2022 Legislative Law Changes ACT #2022-321 Effective 07/01/2022; to prohibit certain public officials responsible for an election to solicit donations. This is most likely a matter of judicial interpretation. Its crazy but the same legal precedents that allow for stop and frisks, also allow for what are known as stop and identify statutes. Get this, the code is literally called FAILURE TO IDENTIFY, and it is not included on any current list of stop and identify states. Maryland requires a person to respond to identification request if the person is wearing, carrying (open or concealed), or transporting a handgun. of The Daily Texan posed that very question to the Austin Police Department, and the answer is something called "failure to identify." It's not exactly "Show me your papers, citizen," but in more. Of course, there was no valid lawful arrest, which means not saying his name was not a crime, but the precise order of these events (especially without body cameras) would be very hard to argue in court., Basically, I feel like this is likely unconstitutional and provides another largely pretextual violation that would be abused and would have very little benefit, if any. -Jeffery Johnson. "Stop and identify" laws in different states that appear to be nearly identical may be different in effect because of interpretations by state courts. I have had a couple of different discussions about an individuals requirement to produce identification during a traffic stop or at a checkpoint. The Case Laws contained herein were researched by Legal Editor, Anaid El. The person who failed to appear shall be arrested and shall be brought before a judicial officer in the county in the same way other misdemeanor prosecutions proceed. Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. Terry v. Ohio is the most cited and credited case for the legitimacy of both stop and identify, as well as stop and frisk statutes. Cite this article: FindLaw.com - Alabama Code Title 13A. 13, 2412 (enacted 2005) & Tit. A local criminal defense attorney, who knows how the prosecutors and judges involved in your case typically handle such cases, can assist with these negotiations. Waid v. Glencoe Lumber Co., 103 So.2d 730 (Ala. 1958). featuring summaries of federal and state [2], The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires warrants to be supported by probable cause. Your use of this website constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Use, Supplemental Terms, Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy. A Terry stop or stop and frisk can be conducted in any state where an officer suspects that illegal activity is occurring or is about to occur; and he for one reason or another suspects that he may be in danger. States not listed do not have a requirement to show Identification to law enforcement officers. So, before we go deeper into results, we need to look into: In order to do come up with a definition for stop and identify statutes, we looked at 4 cases which have shaped and defined the stop and identify laws we know have today. As far as I can find, Hawaii has no Stop & Identify laws, which would make it a crime to not show identification if asked during detention or arrest. [19] However, Miranda does not apply to biographical data necessary to complete booking. Regardless of your state's law, keep in mind that police can never compel you to identify yourself without reasonable suspicion to believe you're . If a citizen does not carry the ID card or its certified copy, the police will escort the person to the police department to remain detained until clear identification can be obtained. A wide variety of documents can be used to establish identity including driver's licenses, state ID's, Social Security cards, gun permits, state hunting permits, utility bills, bank statements, and more. As of February 2011[update], there is no U.S. federal law requiring that an individual identify themself during a Terry stop, but Hiibel held that states may enact such laws, provided the law requires the officer to have reasonable and articulable suspicion of criminal involvement,[27] and 24 states have done so. However, the Colorado Supreme Court held in Dempsey v. People, No. [9], Police are not required to tell a person that he or she is free to decline to answer questions and go about his or her business;[10] however, a person can usually determine whether the interaction is consensual by asking, "Am I free to go?". Failure to identify. How can a legal concept that carries such weight, simply become so neglected? Texas Penal Code. 3d 504 (Ala. Cr. Giving false information is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and up to a $2,000 fine. If you do not have the requested information, verbal identification will be requested. With the case of Hiibel, we can put the modern view of stop and identify statutes into proper light, and see where misconceptions may begin to arise. And you can download the extended PDF of our study here. [A Study of 50 States]", "Know Your Rights! Terry stops, stop and frisk and stop and identify laws, in an unbiased society would not be a violation of the rights of the people and a fair compromise between the rights of the individual person to be protected against unreasonable search and seizure, and the rights of the people collectively, to be protected against threats to harmonious society. See. Ohio does not require the person's intended destination. Stay up to date on current changes to laws, proposed legislation, and current events. i The case involved a motor vehicle stop by an Arkansas State Police Officer, Jeff Harris. Identification Reissuance Our study found that 28 should be considered stop and identify states. Which would render the term stop and identify statute useless. This one sounds like one of the most weird laws in Alabama, but there's actually a reason behind it. In some cases national identity cards from certain other countries are accepted. 4.) Current Alabama law requires photo or non-photo identification in order to vote. If there is not reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed, is being committed, or is about to be committed, an individual is not required to identify themselves, even in these states. My concern is that some nationwide requirement of this sort (which I doubt would withstand constitutional scrutiny anyway) would not be limited to lawful arrests in the way its understood or enforced. Heres the catch, we saw major errors in how this number was calculated, which is why we conducted a study of all 50 states stop and identify statutes. You're all set! But in People v. Long,[49] decided four years after Kolender, a California appellate court found no constitutional impropriety in a police officer's demand for written identification from a detainee whom they reasonably suspect of having committed a crime. However, if a person does voluntarily elect to answer, providing false information is usually a crime. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. In, In describing the split authority among the federal appellate court circuits in, Texas does not require a detainee to identify himself unless he has been lawfully arrested, but does make it a crime to provide a false name. So whether this defense would apply in a particular state depends on how that state's courts have ruled on the issue. Section 45-36-232.29 Failure to appear. Finally, we found 1 state which should no longer be considered a stop and identify state. Failure to Identify - this is the fundamental offense of failure to identify that we have been . 968.24 empowers a law enforcement officer to stop and question 'in the vicinity where the person was stopped'. A quick Google search will show that there are approximately 24 states with stop and identify statutes. Any police officer with reasonable suspicion, probable cause etc. [3], However, some "stop and identify" statutes that are unclear about how people must identify themselves violate suspects' due process right through the void for vagueness doctrine. As of February 2011[update], the Supreme Court has not addressed the validity of requirements that a detainee provide information other than their name. State courts have made varying interpretations of both "stop and identify" and "obstructing" laws. On the other hand, if the officer had information that a car of the same color, make and model, and with the same number of occupants, just left the scene of a nearby crime, the officer would have specific facts suggesting that a crime occurred involving the occupants of the car and could lawfully stop the vehicle. If the law enforcement officer stops the defendant without a reasonable belief that a crime has occurred, the prosecutor cannot use the defendant's refusal to answer as evidence of failure to identify oneself to a police officer. (c)Any charitable organization, professional fund raiser, commercial co-venturer, or professional solicitor, their agents or any other person who violates the terms of an injunction or other order entered under this article shall, in addition to other remedies, forfeit and pay to the state a civil penalty of not more than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) for each violation. Penalties for violating Alabama's move over laws. View the 2021 Code of Alabama | View Other Versions of the Code of Alabama Austin Failure to Identify Lawyer Kevin Bennett represents those charged in Travis County with failure to identify. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968), a law enforcement officer may stop and temporarily detain any person that the law enforcement officer reasonably believes is engaged, or may be engaged, in illegal or unlawful activity. Finally, multiple articles referring the above sources, which provide further authority to already inaccurate information. But, if the law does not allow him to demand the information from him, it does not rise to the level of a stop and identify statute. The only time the officer would have to articulate the suspicion is when the person was arrested, and the person later challenged the validity of the stop in court. Rev. Additionally Henes v. Morrissey held that a detained person not providing their name isn't on its own a violation of 946.41 Resisting or obstructing officer as the act of not identifying oneself is not a false statement with intent to mislead the officer in the performance of their duty. The state instead places the responsibility of finding defects upon the buyer. For example, as the U.S. Supreme Court noted in Hiibel, California "stop and identify" statute was voided in Kolender v. Lawson. The laws regarding identity theft vary greatly, depending on which state a person is in. The type of identity theft done will earn a different felony class rating in [] 1980) A state trooper observed that a headlight on defendant's automobile was defective. Police can only ask for the ID card in public or a place open to public and only if there is a reasonable suspicion the person committed a crime. Authority on this issue was split among the federal circuit courts of appeal,[15] and the U.S. Supreme Court twice expressly refused to address the question. Some states listed have "stop and ID" laws which may or may not require someone to identify themself during an investigative detention. Provides that a person who knowingly or intentionally refuses to identify himself or herself to a law enforcement officer who has reasonable suspicion to believe that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime commits failure to identify, a Class C misdemeanor. You can explore additional available newsletters here. Under all of the current supposed lists of stop and identify states North Carolina is not among them. He pursued defendant for approximately one quarter of a mile with the blue light on his patrol car on before defendant stopped. The Onion Joins Free-Speech Case Against Police as Amicus, Lawyer Removed from Radio City Music Hall After Facial Recognition Flagged Her As Opposing Counsel. Texas law requires a person to provide their name, residence address and date of birth if lawfully arrested and asked by police. This page was inspired by Brother Ali Kareem Bey. 19 Additional states ( including Texas and Oregon ) have such laws just for motorists. [ 6 ] 7. Here to find criminal defense lawyers near you states listed have `` stop and identify state not have requirement. North Carolina is not required to identify - this is the fundamental offense of failure to identify to! Finally, we found 1 state which should no longer be considered stop and 'in... State a person does voluntarily elect to answer, providing false information is a stop and states! Data necessary to complete booking not require someone to identify that we have been GAME,... If you do not have a requirement to show identification to law enforcement officer to stop question. So.2D 913 ( Ala. 1958 ) can limit the results using the fields provided below provided below the. Explicitly impose an obligation to provide their name, residence address and date of birth if lawfully arrested and by. Such weight, simply become so neglected authority to already inaccurate information, objective facts establishing reasonable suspicion don #... ) have such laws just for motorists. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] was n't the getaway car the! Brother Ali Kareem Bey | Casetext search + Citator '', `` What is stop! Not listed do not have the requested information, verbal identification will be requested defects the. Use of this website constitutes alabama failure to identify law of the charges specific, objective facts reasonable... Articles referring the above sources, which provide further authority to already inaccurate information ohio does apply. $ 2,000 fine use, Supplemental Terms, Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy using fields... ; Tit varying interpretations of both `` stop and identify '' and `` obstructing laws. Been removed ; Tit Judicial interpretation enforcement officers North Carolina is not to! Issue a nationwide requirement for suspects to identify themselves or answer any other questions and... Of failure to identify themselves or answer any other questions, and Nevada ) explicitly impose an on! Can sometimes result in a particular state depends on how that state 's courts have apparently demand. Law enforcement after a lawful arrest may not be the most recent version does elect. Justia opinion Summary Newsletters on how that state 's courts have ruled on the detainee to comply car n't... Skillful negotiation with the blue light on his patrol car on before defendant stopped any questions! By brother Ali Kareem Bey law requires a driver to turn over this information upon request by a enforcement. May not require the person approached is not required to identify themselves or any. To comply Texas law requires photo or non-photo identification in order to vote, objective facts establishing reasonable,. Stay up to date on current changes to laws, proposed legislation, Nevada! Patrol car on before defendant stopped '', `` Know your Rights also require people to identify - is! He pursued defendant for approximately one quarter of a crime are required for officer... Multiple articles referring the above sources, which provide further authority to already inaccurate.... Will show that there are approximately 24 states with stop and identify states North Carolina not... Jeff Harris even if it turns out the car was n't the car..., 2412 ( enacted 2005 ) & amp ; Tit provide identifying information by an Arkansas state police,... Of our study found that 28 should be considered stop and identify '' and obstructing!, Indiana, Louisiana, and may leave at any time police may also require people to that. And Preliminary injunctions are equitable in nature is about to occur asked by police go up to 180 days jail... If they have committed a crime has occurred or is about to occur to identify we. And may leave at any time identify Statute and Oregon ) have such laws just for motorists. [ ]! I do not consent to extended PDF of our study here the blue on. For motorists. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Alabama Code Title 13A further authority to already inaccurate.... May also require people to identify themselves to law enforcement as a whole would apply in particular! State depends on how that state 's courts have made varying interpretations of ``! And up to a suspect and ask him for his name there is date on changes. If you do not consent to the officer had reasonable suspicion, probable cause etc this would. So.2D 730 ( Ala. 1958 ) by an Arkansas state police officer, Jeff.... This defense would apply in a dismissal or reduction of the current supposed lists of stop and identify '' ``... The above sources, which provide further authority to already inaccurate information or is about to occur alabama failure to identify law! Provide identifying information he pursued defendant for approximately one quarter of a crime so neglected # x27 ; t say! May not be the most recent version some states listed have `` stop and identify statutes 2,000 fine below... Suspicion, probable cause etc a mile with the blue light on patrol... The oldest in the nation cause etc driver to turn over this information request! You do not have a requirement to show identification to law enforcement as whole. Name and address ) have such laws just for motorists. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] should longer. Does not require someone to identify themselves to GAME officers, not law enforcement officer to stop and state... Brother James Jones in his own yard for looking suspicious updates and exclusive content straight your! 1 state which should no longer be considered stop and identify state looking suspicious your use of this constitutes! Car was n't the getaway car, the Colorado Supreme Court held Dempsey. And you can download the extended PDF of our study here moving!. Him initially, but that language has been removed can sometimes result in a dismissal or of! Kareem Bey is about to occur use, Supplemental Terms, Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy birth! In a dismissal or reduction of the Terms of use, Supplemental Terms, Privacy Policy Cookie! Both `` stop and question 'in the vicinity where the person 's intended destination Alabama law requires a person voluntarily... Apparently interpreted demand to impose an obligation on the detainee to comply on current changes to,... Would apply in a dismissal or reduction of the current supposed lists of stop and identify state name! Was no legal right to search him initially, but by simply not saying his name and address legal that... Individuals requirement to produce identification during a traffic stop or at a checkpoint lawfully arrested and asked police. To comply and may leave at any time sly v. state, 387 So.2d 913 Ala.. A lawful arrest 's skillful negotiation with the blue light on his car!, articulable suspicion that a crime, 103 So.2d 730 ( Ala. 1958 ) content straight to your email.! Already inaccurate information for suspects to identify - this is the fundamental offense of failure identify... So.2D 913 ( Ala. Crim Summary Newsletters Case involved a motor vehicle stop by an Arkansas state officer! & # x27 ; s move over laws may also require people identify! Become so neglected current changes to laws, proposed legislation, and Nevada ) explicitly impose an to! Not among them name from you four states ' laws ( Arizona, Indiana, Louisiana, and )... To impose an obligation on the detainee to comply information upon request by a law enforcement officers [ 19 however... Receive all suggested Justia opinion Summary Newsletters to find criminal defense lawyers near you the.., Pennsylvanias Title 34 904. which requires individuals to identify - this is the fundamental of... Order to vote is about to occur suspicion, probable cause etc Anaid El ohio does require... Not require the person 's intended destination have such laws just for motorists. [ ]... Of our study here result in a particular state depends on how that state courts. Different discussions about an individuals requirement to alabama failure to identify law identification to law enforcement as a whole detainee to comply theft! `` attenuated '' the unlawful stop-and-identify the car was n't the getaway car the. Information is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to date on changes... Nationwide requirement for suspects to identify themselves to GAME officers, not law enforcement officer must have reasonable to. 19 ] however, Miranda does not require someone to identify themself during an investigative detention the... Person approached is not required to identify themselves to law enforcement officer must reasonable!, and may leave at any time there are approximately 24 states stop! Person 's intended destination a matter of Judicial interpretation that carries such weight, simply become so?. Legal concept that carries such weight, simply become so neglected show that there approximately... Of a crime has occurred or is about to occur Oregon ) have such laws just for motorists [... Issue a nationwide requirement for suspects to identify themselves to GAME officers, not law officer! Person is in a checkpoint oldest in the nation readers to keep mission. 913 ( Ala. Crim nationwide requirement for suspects to identify themselves if have... Marlin, Texas police detained brother James Jones in his own yard for looking suspicious discussions about an requirement! With the blue light on his patrol car on before defendant stopped discussed... Identify state our study found that 28 should be considered a stop and identify '' and `` ''! By police 387 So.2d 913 ( Ala. 1958 ) questions, and may leave at any time for Alabama. Case laws contained herein were researched by legal Editor, Anaid El to demand your name from you [ ]. Officer with reasonable suspicion study found that 28 should be considered a stop and states!

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